The Russian judicial system comprises three judicial spheres, in which the highest authorities are the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and the Supreme Commercial Court.

The Constitutional Court verifies whether legislative acts comply with the Constitution. This is the  responsibility of local constitutional (statutory) courts at the regional level.

The Supreme Court is the highest authority considering criminal, administrative, civil and other cases falling within the competence of general jurisdiction courts. The Supreme Court supervises court martials, specialized federal courts and other courts.

The three-tier commercial court system is engaged in resolving economic disputes, with the Supreme Commercial Court acting as the highest body.